In order to handle the long DNA molecules, our cells pack DNA threads into many compact structures, called “chromosome”. As a result, we have 23 pairs of chromosomes (1-22, and X or Y). All our genes (called the genome) are located on 46 pieces (or 23 pairs) of long DNA threads. To solve this problem, when the cells prepare for the cell division, each DNA thread is organized into a much compact structure, called “ chromosome”. How cells pack such long DNA into an extremely tiny space (the cell nucleus) without tangling? In our cell, the DNA threads are even longer than the earphone’s wire. Tangled earphones are one of the most annoying things in our life. This linear form of DNA is impossible to be probably separated during the cell division. If you stretch all the DNA of a single cell into a linear thread, it can be as long as 3 meters (or 10 feet) long. Like we mentioned in the section of “ cell nucleus”, the DNA molecule is a very, very long thread. Mitosis is a type of cell division that is necessary for the growth of organisms, repair of damaged tissues, healing and regeneration, and reproduction. They are centrosomes and chromosomes! Why mitosis is important In this Cell Biology on the Dining Table series Part IV, we are going to learn two types of temporary organelles only appearing during mitosis. Mitosis is a process of cell division in which one cell (the mother) divides and produces two new cells (the daughters) that are genetically identical. Centrosomes and Microtubules – Amazing molecular machine.How cells pack such long DNA into an extremely tiny space (the cell nucleus) without tangling?.
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